‹ Back

Total Fresh — 214 Hass avocados, Class 1, 28 — BNE to SINTrade 1038316

Total Fresh, 214 Hass Class 1 25 count to SIN, flew 19 Aug 2026, AUD 5,778.00 (1038316)

9 PAID IN
1 QUOTE2 ORDER3 TRADE OPENED4 BOOKED5 DEPARTED6 ARRIVED7 DELIVERED8 INVOICED9 PAID IN10 PAID OUT11 RECONCILED
Customer
Total Fresh
Product
Hass avocados, Class 1, 28
Quantity
214
From
BNE
To
SIN
Air or sea
air
Incoterm
CPT
Payment term
Payment terms and trade limits as per signed agreement between Companies unless otherwise specified.
Invoiced
AUD 5,778.00
Outstanding
Not held
Air waybill or bill of lading
618-55466095
Carrier
Not held
Folder
1038316 · TOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTD · Hass avocados · Singapore
Wanted by
Not held

Where it stands

  • Where the goods are: landed at destination, since 20 Aug 2026 12:00 AEST (Vision International)
  • What the customer has been told: told the freight was booked, 19 Aug 2026 17:10 AEST (Vision's email to them (liam.fraser@vision.com.au)); not yet told it left and it arrived
  • Receivable: nothing; the invoice is paid
  • What happens next: On hold: 1 question only Quenton Carter can answer is open on this trade. It is on the desk regardless; the questions are under "What is waiting, and on whom".. It is being finished by hand, off the desk; nothing is sent on it from here.
  • Not certain: That it left is taken from the ETD held; no word from the forwarder or the carrier says so.

What the customer has been told

BookedTold 19 Aug 2026 17:10 AEST (Vision's email to them (liam.fraser@vision.com.au))
Received by the forwarderNo word held; it has left
DepartedNot told yet (this step was reached 19 Aug 2026 06:00 AEST)
ArrivedNot told yet (this step was reached 20 Aug 2026 12:00 AEST)
Sold, bought and P&L

Sold and bought, invoiced and billed

The lines

productquantitysellbuy
Hass avocados, Class 1, 28 214 sell AUD 27.00, the unit it is per is not stated
ledger invoice
buy not stated
landed or ex farm is not recorded

The ledger

documentcounterpartyamountstate
bill
00241800 / 1038316
VISION INTERNATIONAL
linked by named on the document
AUD 2,292.68
paid AUD 0.00, outstanding AUD 2,292.68, 44 days past due
no instalment is recorded against this document
Unpaid
due 26 Aug 2026
no term printed on it
invoice
1038316
TOTAL FRESH
linked by named on the document
AUD 5,778.00
paid AUD 0.00, outstanding AUD 0.00
no instalment is recorded against this document
Deleted
due 2 Sep 2026
Payment terms and trade limits as per signed agreement between Companies unless otherwise specified.
invoice
1038316
TOTAL FRESH
linked by named on the document
AUD 5,778.00
paid AUD 5,778.00, outstanding AUD 0.00
no instalment is recorded against this document
Paid
due 2 Sep 2026
Payment terms and trade limits as per signed agreement between Companies unless otherwise specified.

Invoiced AUD 5,778.00, and the ledger carries nothing outstanding against it. Billed to us AUD 2,292.68, of which AUD 2,292.68 is outstanding.

Deposit and release

Release is standard. Our copy of Xero is too old to say what is paid today; payment is chased on its own invoice.

No instalment is recorded on this invoice, so the whole invoice is due before release.

No release has been recorded on this desk for this trade.

Every receipt in, every payment out and every claim is on the timeline below under payments and claims, each with its date, its counterparty and its currency. What is above is the position; what is below is how it got there.

Open invoices for Total Fresh Connection, each with its state

Changes in Xero

Each change is described in plain words. Nothing is made in Xero until James or Quenton presses its button, and each one made is recorded as a draft note for Obsidian.

Raise a draft sales invoice from our commercial invoice
Replace a supplier bill's lines from the reissued supplier invoice

What this trade made

Vision International's bills against the rate card

Nothing is billed above the card. Billed on charges the card carries no rate for: AUD 15.00, not compared.

  • Bill 00241800 / 1038316: nothing over the card.
    Electronic processing fee is billed AUD 15.00 (line 8 "Electronic Processing Fee") and the card in force carries no rate for it, so it is recorded and not compared.
Trade P&Ltotal
RevenueAUD 5,778.00
Cost of goods so farAUD 2,292.68
Gross profitIncomplete: grower bill not in
Gross margin (% of revenue)Incomplete: grower bill not in
Markup (% on cost)Incomplete: grower bill not in
After the trade: quoted against billed

Forwarder charges: quoted AUD 2,210.53, billed AUD 2,292.68, AUD 82.15 more than quoted (3.6% of the bill).

The desk holds no stack from before the shipment. The quote here is what the pricer would have quoted: the Vision rate card in force on the departure day, priced after the event. Source: the bill checker's pricing of Vision bill 00241800 on the card in force on the departure day (BNE to SIN by air, Singapore (SQ) AKE). Forwarder charges ex GST: the Vision rate card in force on the departure day (what the pricer would have quoted) against the Vision bills. Produce is compared on its own line. Gap is actual less quoted. The trade is open, with its bills in.

Forwarder charges, line by line

ChargeQuotedBilledGapWhy
International Freight
Quoted: AUD 1,438.08: AUD 1.20 per kg of gross weight, freight only on 1,198.4 kg. Billed: AUD 1,490.40, no rate or weight stated on the bill.
AUD 1,438.08AUD 1,490.40AUD 52.32 over the quote
  • rate, AUD 52.32 over the quote: Same kilograms, different rate: quoted AUD 1.20 per kg of gross weight, freight only, billed AUD 1.24 per kg of gross weight, freight only. The bill states no rate or weight; this takes it to be struck on the 1,198.4 kg that moved, with the quoted fixed charges billed as quoted.
Departmental permit and tonnage (not counted in the gap)
Quoted: AUD 27.07.
AUD 27.07not heldagrees
  • billed by someone else, agrees: Departmental permit and tonnage: AUD 27.07 quoted. The department bills Carter and Associates direct, so it is on no forwarder bill.
Documentation
Quoted: AUD 275.00. Billed: AUD 275.00.
AUD 275.00AUD 275.00agreesAgrees.
Electronic Processing Fee
Billed: AUD 15.00.
not heldAUD 15.00AUD 15.00 over the quote
  • missed line, AUD 15.00 over the quote: Electronic Processing Fee: AUD 15.00 billed and the quote held no such line.
Export Security Screening
Quoted: AUD 95.87. Billed: AUD 99.36.
AUD 95.87AUD 99.36AUD 3.49 over the quote
  • rate, AUD 3.49 over the quote: Export Security Screening: quoted AUD 95.87, billed AUD 99.36.
Handling
Quoted: AUD 311.58. Billed: AUD 322.92.
AUD 311.58AUD 322.92AUD 11.34 over the quote
  • rate, AUD 11.34 over the quote: Handling: quoted AUD 311.58, billed AUD 322.92.
RFP
Quoted: AUD 40.00. Billed: AUD 40.00.
AUD 40.00AUD 40.00agreesAgrees.
Temperature Recorder
Quoted: AUD 50.00. Billed: AUD 50.00.
AUD 50.00AUD 50.00agreesAgrees.

Pricer corrections this trade is evidence for

  • Add the Electronic Processing Fee to air quotes: the pricer already holds this position
  • Quote BNE to SIN AKE at the rate Vision bills: waiting on Approve (open the list)
Documents

The documents

The three a trade must be able to show

documentis it in the folder
purchase order2 files in the folder are named as one
commercial invoice6 files in the folder are named as one
packing list6 files in the folder are named as one

Every document on this trade, each time it was issued, what it prints and who holds it, is on the timeline below under documents. This section answers only whether the trade can show its papers, which is a different question from when each one was made.

28 files sit in this trade's folder, of which 15 files are typed as a document and 13 files could not be typed from what they print.

Dates

Its calendar

19 Aug 2026 Departure: on the transport document done
20 Aug 2026 Arrival: stated by the party holding the carriage done
26 Aug 2026 Payable: 00241800 / 1038316 AUD 2,292.68 44 days past due
2 Sep 2026 Receivable: 1038316 AUD 0.00 done

A cut-off is not on this record: there is no column for one on the shipment or the trade, so none can appear here however many are in the forwarder's mail.

What is waiting

What is waiting, and on whom

3 messages came in on this trade with nothing going out after them. The oldest is email on 18 Sep 2026 18:08 AEST, 20 days ago: AP/AR Report 18/09/2026. The last thing that went out from us on this trade was 16 Sep 2026 20:36 AEST.

4 things are missing, behind 4 open items: the same missing fact is filed once for each document it stops, so the rows below are the facts and the counts are the consequences. An age is how long the ITEM has been on the record, not how long the thing it describes has been true.

what is missingwhat it stopswho settles it
Two sources disagree costed against billed: International Freight James McNamara
open 12 days
no by-when set
Not held The assistant did not answer a question on this trade: could not answer James McNamara
open 15 days
by 24 Sep 2026
Not held Weigh Vision bill AUD 67.15 over card (1038316) James McNamara
open 2 days
no by-when set
growers unrecorded No grower bill is on the record for the trades listed: for each, who supplied the fruit and at what buy price, so the bill can be matched or raised? Quenton Carter
open 15 days
no by-when set
Freight

The freight

mode and carrierdocumentdatesweights
air
carrier not recorded, SQ246
AWB 618-55466095 departed 19 Aug 2026
arrived 20 Aug 2026 stated by Vision International
gross weight not recorded
chargeable weight not recorded

Freight cost from the forwarder's bill in our copy of Xero: Vision International bill 00241800, AUD 2,292.68.

The dates, carrier, vessel and weights above are as recorded on the shipment; where one is missing, it prints as a gap and the forwarder's own document settles it.

Market

Market

This consignment has landed; the market can no longer change how it arrives.

Commodity outlook. Feeds last read 9 Oct, 09:52 am.

Who is on it

The parties

rolewhowhere that came from
CustomerTOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTDthe counterparty record
Billed usVISION INTERNATIONALa bill in the ledger
Growernot named on this trade

Addresses and their state

counterpartyaddressstate
VISION INTERNATIONALAdam Downing adam.downing@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONAL angela.thompson@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALVIF Accounts bneaccounts@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALVIF Export bneexport@vision.com.au proved
TOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTDBrian brian@totalfresh.com.sg proved
VISION INTERNATIONALGauresh Patel gauresh@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALHugh Philip hugh.philip@vision.com.au proved
TOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTD info@totalfresh.com.sg proved
VISION INTERNATIONALKaumil Patel kaumil.patel@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONAL leanne.james@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALLeigh Gadsby leigh@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALLiam Fraser liam.fraser@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALMandy Collins mandy.collins@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALMichael Thirgood mic@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONAL nathan.graham@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALRomer Tortoza romer.tortoza@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALSean McGrory sean.mcgrory@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONALTennille Green tennille.green@vision.com.au proved
VISION INTERNATIONAL +61416229659 unproved
TOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTD +6567744566 unproved
TOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTD +6583664325 unproved
VISION INTERNATIONAL angela.thompson@vision.com.au, liam.fraser@vision.com.au, sean.mcgrory@vision.com.au, bneexport@vision.com.au unproved
VISION INTERNATIONAL bneexport@vision.com.au, liam.fraser@vision.com.au unproved
TOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTD brian@totalfresh.com.sg, seet@totalfresh.com.sg, sales3@totalfresh.com.sg, info@totalfresh.com.sg unproved
VISION INTERNATIONALGreg Firth greg.firth@vision.com.au unproved
VISION INTERNATIONAL liam.fraser@vision.com.au, bneexport@vision.com.au unproved
VISION INTERNATIONALPricing pricing@vision.com.au unproved
TOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTD sales3@totalfresh.com.sg unproved
TOTAL FRESH CONNECTION PTE LTDSeet seet@totalfresh.com.sg unproved

Writing to us on this trade: Liam Fraser liam.fraser@vision.com.au.

All eleven steps

The eleven stages

A stage is not a column anybody writes. It is a projection over the evidence, rebuilt from it every time, so nothing here was asserted by a code path that happened to run. Where a trade sits is the highest of the first seven; what it owes is the last four, and a trade can be invoiced and on the water at once. This trade is at PAID IN.

stagestate, and what the evidence saysevidence
QUOTE
needs our word
not reached
no priced offer is carried on this trade yet. The 710 quotes priced since 1 May 2026 are deliberately not seeded: 313 of those quotes carry no freight figure at all and the fan-out multiplies a foreign price by the exchange rate twice, so loading them would put figures on the record that nobody can acquit. That decision is recorded here rather than left silent.
no evidence
ORDER
needs our word
not reached
not evidenced, and the trade is past it. This is a hole.
no evidence
TRADE OPENED
needs our word
reached
dated not stated, on a document
2 pieces of evidence. Each move is a line on the timeline below.
BOOKED
needs counterparty word
not reached
not evidenced, and the trade is past it. This is a hole.
no evidence
DEPARTED
needs document
reached
dated 19 Aug 2026, on a document

disputed, two readings, both shown, neither chosen.
DEPARTED: AWB 618-55466095, SQ246, Brisbane to Singapore: departed 19 Aug 2026 23:47, arrived 20 Aug 2026 07:11 Sydney time (C00206631, Vision shipment list, QC last 12 months, sent by Liam Fraser (Vision) 24 Sep 2026, Gmail 1a0d26845a9e2cf9; REPORTS/vision/Vision_shipments_last_12_months_2026-09-24.xlsx). Recorded as a transport document because it is the forwarder's own record of its waybills and their actual departure and arrival (James, 24 Sep 2026 19:27: the forwarder's shipment list is the source for what shipped). (gmail email:1a0d26845a9e2cf9 attachment row C00206631)
BOOKED: nothing on this trade evidences it (the record)
Owner James McNamara, raised 9 Oct 2026 11:07 AEDT. While this stands, the acts that depend on this stage are held.

2 pieces of evidence. Each move is a line on the timeline below.
ARRIVED
needs counterparty word
reached
dated 20 Aug 2026, on a document
1 piece of evidence. Each move is a line on the timeline below.
DELIVERED
needs our word
not reached
the proving document is not defined. James to state it. Until he states it, the only route is a trader recording delivery against one of four labelled proofs, and which one was used is stored.
no evidence
INVOICED
needs document
reached
dated 19 Aug 2026, on a document
7 pieces of evidence. Each move is a line on the timeline below.
PAID IN
needs document
reached
dated 14 Sep 2026, with no grade recorded
no evidence
PAID OUT
needs document
not reached
nothing on this trade evidences it yet.
no evidence
RECONCILED
needs document
not reached
the cost stack has not been built yet, so there is nothing to strike a result against
no evidence

This table answers which of the eleven are evidenced and which are not. WHEN each one moved, and on what, is on the timeline below under changes. A date there is the date the EVIDENCE carries, which is not always the date the thing happened: a container that arrived on Monday and was reported on Thursday is dated Thursday.

What disagrees with the old record

Nothing the old record says about this trade disagrees with the evidence this record holds.

Messages

What has happened, in one order

Everything the record holds on this trade — what was said, what was produced, what moved, what was paid, what was pressed and what was asked — on one line each, newest first, in Sydney time. It is one list and not seven, because a trader asking what happened on Tuesday should not have to read seven.

Showing mail only. Show everything.

22 Sep 2026 15:18 AEST

what was said carterandassoc@obsidianadvisory.com.au · in · email

AP/AR Report 22/09/2026

(no specific reference to 1038331 in this message) AP/AR report cover note from Atul Sangvekar (Obsidian Advisory) dated 22/09/2026; figures only in linked Google Sheets (AR and AP) and attached xlsx files; body names no trade.

Outlook-lwmnqdil.png not captured, Outlook-nalha1wz.png not captured, Outlook-yvtjahxx.png not captured, Outlook-fseboy5c.png not captured, QC Fresh - AP Run 22.09.2026.xlsx not captured, 22092026 Carter___Associates_-_Aged_Receivables_Detail.xlsx not captured

21 Sep 2026 16:15 AEST

what was said carterandassoc@obsidianadvisory.com.au · in · email

AP/AR Report 21/09/2026

(no specific reference to 1038331 in this message) AP/AR report cover note from Atul Sangvekar (Obsidian Advisory) dated 21/09/2026; figures only in linked Google Sheets (AR and AP) and attached xlsx files; body names no trade.

Outlook-lwmnqdil.png not captured, Outlook-nalha1wz.png not captured, Outlook-yvtjahxx.png not captured, Outlook-fseboy5c.png not captured, 21092026 Carter___Associates_-_Aged_Receivables_Detail.xlsx not captured, QC Fresh - AP Run 21.09.2026.xlsx not captured

18 Sep 2026 18:08 AEST

what was said carterandassoc@obsidianadvisory.com.au · in · email

AP/AR Report 18/09/2026

(no specific reference to 1038331 in this message) AP/AR report cover note from Atul Sangvekar (Obsidian Advisory) dated 18/09/2026; figures only in linked sheets/attachments, body names no trade. Notes AR report not included (though AR link given) because Export team emailed about AR adjustments; …

Outlook-lwmnqdil.png not captured, Outlook-nalha1wz.png not captured, Outlook-yvtjahxx.png not captured, Outlook-fseboy5c.png not captured, QC Fresh - AP Run 18.09.2026.xlsx not captured, 18092026 Carter___Associates_-_Aged_Receivables_Detail.xlsx not captured

16 Sep 2026 20:36 AEST

what was said james@carterandassoc.com.au · out · email

Open accounts - book corrections after today's reconciliation

(no specific reference to 1038326 in this message) Reply from james@ to Atul: 'Investigate the void advice. Everything else is correct' — approving the Export team's corrections other than the void items.

image.png not captured

16 Sep 2026 18:26 AEST

what was said carterandassoc@obsidianadvisory.com.au · in · email

Open accounts - book corrections after today's reconciliation

(no specific reference to 1038326 in this message) Atul re-sends (16 Sep) the same request asking whether to proceed with the Export team's AR corrections in Xero.

image.png not captured

15 Sep 2026 17:01 AEST

what was said carterandassoc@obsidianadvisory.com.au · in · email

AP/AR Report 15/09/2026

(no specific reference to 1038326 in this message) AP report cover note from Obsidian Advisory (Atul Sangvekar); figures only in linked Google sheet/attached xlsx, body names no trade. AR report not included because the Export team emailed about AR adjustments; updated AR report to follow once adju…

Outlook-lwmnqdil.png not captured, Outlook-nalha1wz.png not captured, Outlook-yvtjahxx.png not captured, Outlook-fseboy5c.png not captured, QC Fresh - AP Run 15.09.2026.xlsx not captured

14 Sep 2026 16:12 AEST

what was said quenton@carterandassoc.com.au · out · email

Missing PO Details and Supplier Purchase Bills

(no specific reference to 1038324 in this message) Quenton replies to Atul's 10 Sept missing PO/purchase bill list asking 'why is this so?'. No new trade figures.

image.png not captured

14 Sep 2026 15:53 AEST

what was said carterandassoc@obsidianadvisory.com.au · in · email

AP/AR Report 14/09/2026

(no specific reference to 1038326 in this message) AP report cover note from Obsidian Advisory (Atul Sangvekar); figures only in linked Google sheet/attached xlsx, body names no trade. AR report not included because the Export team emailed about AR adjustments; updated AR report to follow once adju…

Outlook-lwmnqdil.png not captured, Outlook-nalha1wz.png not captured, Outlook-yvtjahxx.png not captured, Outlook-fseboy5c.png not captured, QC Fresh - AP Run 14.09.2026.xlsx not captured

Show all 53 lines — 45 older lines not printed.

25 lines carry no time at all and sit at the end.

Capture stops where the channels stopped: body backfill exports@carterandassoc.com.au at 7 Oct 2025 16:10 AEDT; body backfill james@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Jul 2025 07:00 AEST; the carriage feed at 9 Oct 2026 08:19 AEDT; email, exports@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 12:45 AEDT; email, james@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 12:45 AEDT; email, quenton@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 12:45 AEDT; gmail history exports@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 12:45 AEDT; gmail history james@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 08:23 AEDT; older mail read back, exports@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 02:53 AEDT; older mail read back, james@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 02:53 AEDT; older mail read back, quenton@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 02:53 AEDT; older mail read back, recipients lane at 9 Oct 2026 05:13 AEDT; purchase mail at 9 Oct 2026 12:06 AEDT; files received, exports@carterandassoc.com.au at 9 Oct 2026 06:44 AEDT; trade states at 9 Oct 2026 12:35 AEDT; WhatsApp messages at 9 Oct 2026 12:43 AEDT; WhatsApp pictures at 9 Oct 2026 12:44 AEDT. Nothing after those times is on this timeline, whether or not it happened. A press is recorded before anything it would change, so a refusal and a failure leave the same trail as a success.

Actions on this trade

The acts

James McNamara, general manager, signed in on your own link. Every press below is recorded against this name. There is no way to press as somebody else, because there is no shared token and nothing in the address bar says who you are.

At ARRIVED

What is owed while a trade sits here: the customer advised, and the named consignee advised where he is not the customer. Late here means: the stated arrival date has passed with no notice from anyone.

Documents

documentproducedit prints
COMMERCIAL INVOICE not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
COMMERCIAL INVOICE not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
COMMERCIAL INVOICE not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
COMMERCIAL INVOICE not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
COMMERCIAL INVOICE not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
COMMERCIAL INVOICE not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
PACKING LIST not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
PACKING LIST not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
PACKING LIST not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
PACKING LIST not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
PACKING LIST not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
PACKING LIST not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
PURCHASE ORDER not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
PURCHASE ORDER not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
TRANSPORT DOCUMENT not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine
credit note not stated no total on it recorded with no file on this machine

Received by email

filefromarrivedwhere it is
0365_001.pdfLiam Fraser19 Aug 2026 17:10 AEST not filed: <!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js ie6 oldie" lang="en-US"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-js ie7 oldie" lang="en-US"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js ie8 oldie" lang="en-US"> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> <!

Send

Nothing on this trade has been issued by this desk yet, so there is nothing to send from here. Press "issue a document" to produce the purchase order, commercial invoice and packing list; each gets a Send. Documents handed over from the old system are on Drive, not on this machine, and are not sent from here.

What takes it forward

DELIVERED is reached by pressing one of its own acts, and PAID OUT is reached by pressing one of its own acts. A press before its evidence exists comes back asking for the evidence; it is never an error and never drops what was typed.

Move it on

It is at ARRIVED. The estate moves a card itself when the evidence lands; moving it by hand asks what shows it, and the trade's own messages and documents are the taps.

Only stages ahead of this one. A card that has gone forward wrongly is put right with “correct a fact”, which writes the old value, the new one, who and when; walking a trade backwards through the stages would leave the record saying it happened twice.

At any stage